Breton: singulative of stered (“stars”). Definition from Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Me and a good friend have been digging into Steredenn big time. I've been organizing the data we've gotten to help players who'd like to dig in too. Feel welcome to contribute in any way (please correct me on anything) and I will add it. I'm doing it for myself anyway, so why not share? INTRODUCTORY TIPS. Don't worry much about weapon resistances.

Example of a backmasked recording.Backmasking is a technique in which a sound or message is recorded backward onto a track that is meant to be played forward. Backmasking is a deliberate process, whereas a message found through may be unintentional.Backmasking was popularised by, who used backward instrumentation on their 1966 album. Artists have since used backmasking for artistic, comedic and satiric effect, on both analogue and digital recordings. The technique has also been used to censor words or phrases for 'clean' releases of songs.In 1969, rumors of a backmasked message in the Beatles song ' sparked the urban legend. In the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s, Christian groups in the United States alleged that backmasking was being used by prominent for purposes, leading to record-burning protests and proposed anti-backmasking legislation by state and federal governments.Many popular musicians have since been accused of including backmasked messages in their music. However, apparent backmasked messages may in fact be examples of - the brain's tendency to recognize patterns in meaningless data - or coincidental. Contents.History Development In 1877, invented the, a device allowing to be on a rotating cylinder with a (or 'needle') attached to a diaphragm mounted at the narrow end of a horn.

Invented the familiar lateral-cut disc in 1888.In addition to recreating recorded sounds by placing the stylus on the cylinder or disc and rotating it in the same direction as during the recording, one could hear different sounds by rotating the cylinder or disc backwards. In 1878, Edison noted that, when played backwards, 'the song is still melodious in many cases, and some of the strains are sweet and novel, but altogether different from the song reproduced in the right way'. The backwards playing of records was advised as training for magicians by occultist, who suggested in his 1913 book that an 'train himself to think backwards by external means', one of which was to 'listen to phonograph records, reversed'.

In the movie, the end of the dancing pianos musical number 'The Words Are in My Heart' is filmed in with the accompanying instrumental score incidentally being reversed. The made finding backward messages difficult, causing interest in backmasking to decline.With the advent of in the 1980s, but prior to the advent of sound editing technology for in the 1990s, it became more difficult to listen to recordings backwards, and the controversy died down. Resurgence Although the backmasking controversy peaked in the 1980s, the general belief in subliminal manipulation became more widespread in the United States during the following decade, with belief in Satanic backmasking on records persisting into the 1990s. At the same time, the development of with audio reversal features simplified the process of reversing audio, which previously could only be done with full fidelity using a professional tape recorder. The utility, included with from to, allows one-click audio reversal, as does popular sound editing software. Following the growth of the, backmasked message searchers used such software to create websites featuring backward music samples, which became a widely used method of exploring backmasking in popular music.In January 2014, the first backmasked video was released as part of a Grammy Awards promotional campaign. A customized video player allowed the user to watch a piece of film accompanied by a music soundtrack both forwards and backwards.

The backwards content contained a hidden visual story and the words 'music unleashes you' embedded into the reversed audio track.Use. The switch to made recording backmasked messages quicker and easier.Backmasking has been used as a technique since the 1960s.

In the era of, backmasking required that the source tape actually be played backwards, which was achieved by first being wound onto the original takeup reel, then reversing the reels so as to use that reel as the source (this would reverse the stereo channels as well). Recording has greatly simplified the process.Backmasked words are unintelligible noise when played forward, but when played backwards are clear speech. Listening to backmasked audio with most requires disengaging the drive and rotating the album by hand in reverse (though some can play records backwards). With, the tape must be reversed and spliced back into the cassette. Were difficult to reverse when first introduced, but, which were first introduced in the late 1980s and became popular during the next decade, allow easy reversal of audio from digital sources. Satanic backmasking In the 1973 film, a tape of noises from the possessed victim was discovered to contain a message when the tape was played backwards.

This scene might have inspired subsequent copycat musical effects.Although the Satanic backmasking controversy involved mainly songs, whose authors denied any intent to promote, backmasking has been used by bands to deliberately insert messages in their lyrics or imagery. Bands have utilized Satanic imagery for commercial reasons. For example, band included at the start of the band's 1985 album a deep backmasked voice repeatedly chanting 'join us'. However, Slayer vocalist states that the band's use of Satanic imagery was 'solely for effect'., another band that has employed Satanic imagery, released a song entitled 'Dinner at Deviant's Palace', consisting almost entirely of unusual sounds and a reversed reading of the (a backwards reading of the Lord's Prayer is reportedly a major part of the ). Seattle-based grunge band parodied the phenomenon of Satanic backmasking on their 1989 album.

When played backwards, the songs '665' and '667' reveal a song about.has frequently used this technique. For example, in the beginning of his song 'Tourniquet' when played backwards, his voice is heard saying 'This is my lowest point of vulnerability' as explained in his book.Aesthetic use Backmasking is often used for aesthetics, i.e., to enhance the meaning or sound of a track. During the subliminal message trial, lead singer admitted to recording the words 'In the dead of the night, love bites' backwards into the track 'Love Bites', from the 1984 album.

Asked why he recorded the message, Halford stated that 'When you're composing songs, you're always looking for new ideas, new sounds.' Used 'Masked Ball', an adaptation by of her earlier work 'Backwards Priests' (from the album Flood) featuring reversed chanting, as the background music for the scene in. At the end of ' by, lead singer 's voice can be heard saying '. You're wasting it' which is in reference to how, the producer of their album, wanted Taylor to change the chorus vocal melody because he felt it wasn't catchy; however, Taylor stood his ground and the chorus stayed unchanged.One backmasking technique is to reverse an earlier part of a song. Used this technique in one of her songs, ', as did (', from ), (', from ), and (', from ). A related technique is to reverse an entire instrumental track.

Originally wanted to do so with ', but objections by producer and bandmate cut the backward section to 30 seconds. Have made heavy use of this technique in songs including ', ', and ', which are all backwards versions of other Stone Roses tracks, sometimes overdubbed with new vocals that sound somewhat similar to the initial track when backmasked. Meanwhile, used the reversed vocals from ' (from their first album, ) as the vocals for the song ' (on their third album, ). The lyrics for 'Silly Boys' on the lyric sheet from Sir Army Suit are accordingly printed backwards.

Band 's 2009 album contains a track, 'New Terrain', which, when listened to in reverse, reveals a new song, entitled 'Nervous'.Soul duo released a companion version of their album, an instrumental album called elpuoc ddo eht, consisting of the original album, fused into a single 38:44-long track, and reversed. This album can be legally obtained by owners of the original, as it is meant to complement it, and be a resource to samplers.Artists often use backmasking of sounds or instrumental audio to produce interesting sound effects. One such sound effect is the. When done on tape, such use of backmasking is known as.

One example is 's 1999 album, which includes reversed guitar parts which were played directly onto a tape running in reverse. For live concerts, the guitar parts were played live on stage using a backward emulator. Humorous and parody messages.

The manual for the popular sound program includes the 'reverse' option 'for finding Satanic subliminals'A common use of backmasking is hiding a comedic or parodical message backwards in a song. The of the 1966 single ' is a reversed version of the entire forwards record, titled '!aaaH-aH,yawA eM ekaT oT gnimoC er'yehT'.

The forward version reached #3 in the US charts and #4 in the UK.wrestler had a theme song that had backmasking in it. The song was mostly instrumental, but at one point a clearly audible voice can be heard saying a line of gibberish.

When the song is played backward, the gibberish is actually saying 'I AM THE ONE IN CONTROL'. The message played on Al Snow's character as an unstable mad man.song ' was originally composed and recorded in 1977 as a home demo by John Lennon. In 1995 a studio version of the recording, incorporating contributions from Paul McCartney, George Harrison and Ringo Starr, was released as a new single from The Beatles Anthology 1 project, 25 years after their break-up and 15 years after Lennon's death.

In a humorous self-parody and tribute to Lennon, the surviving Beatles inserted a backmasked clip of Lennon saying 'Turned out nice again' at the very end of the song.dropped a backmasked message into ':. Congratulations. You have just discovered the secret message.

Please send your answer to Old Pink, care of the Funny Farm, Chalfont. Roger! Carolyne's on the phone!.

Okay.The first line may refer to former lead singer, who is thought to have suffered a years earlier.In 's 'Nature Trail to Hell', from 1984's, Yankovic's backmasked voice declares that ' eats '. Another early example can be found on track 'No Anchovies, Please', from 1980s album. The message, disguised as a foreign-sounding language spoken under the narration, is, 'It doesn't take a genius to tell the difference between chicken shit and chicken salad.'

Belgian act included a satirical backmasked message on their 1988 album Tetra saying 'You fucking asshole, play the record in the normal way'. Includes the backmasked message 'Eat Donkey Crap' at the end of 'Karate' from their self-titled first album.

After being accused of Satanic backmasking, included an actual backmasked message in: ', '.and, following their involvement in the 1980s backmasking controversy, released songs that parody the allegations made against them. ELO, after being accused of Satanic backmasking on their 1974 album, included backmasked messages in two songs on their next album, 1975's. ' begins with a voice twice repeating (in reverse) 'Face the mighty waterfall'. And the opening instrumental ' contains the backmasked message 'The music is reversible, but time is not. In 1983 ELO released an entire album, in response to the controversy.

Among the many backmasked messages on the album are: 'Welcome to the big show' (2x); 'Thank you for listening'; 'Look out there's danger ahead'; 'Hup two three four'; 'Time After Time'; and 'You're playing me backwards'. Styx also released an album in response to allegations of Satanic backmasking: 1983's, which deals with an allegorical group called the 'Majority for Musical Morality' that outlaws rock music. A sticker on the album cover contains the message, 'By order of the Majority for Musical Morality, this album contains secret backward messages', and the song 'Heavy Metal Poisoning' does in fact contain the backmasked words ', ' ('God has favored our undertakings; a new order for the ages')—part of the which encircles the pyramid on the back of the American.' S 1983 album features a short backwards message, included by the band in response to allegations of Satanism that were surrounding them at the time.

Between the songs ' and 'Still Life' is inebriated drummer doing an impression of: 'What ho', sed de t'ing wid de t'ree bonce said the thing with the three heads. Don't meddle wid t'ings you don't understand,' followed by a.

's controversial song ' includes the backmasked message, 'Hello, how are you? I am fine, because I know that the Lord is coming soon.' ' 1982 EP I Could Rule the World if I Could Only Get the Parts included a backwards masking warning on the cover and a message masked within the song 'The Smartest Person I Know': 'Anyone who believes in backwards masking is a fool.' Some messages chastise or poke fun at the listener who is playing the song backwards. One such message was included by 'Weird Al' Yankovic in ', from the 1996 album, on which Yankovic lightly chastises the listener with the backmasked remark, 'Wow, you must have an awful lot of free time on your hands'. Similarly, the song 'Detour Through your Mind', from the 1986 LP, contains the message, 'I buried my parakeet in the backyard.

Oh no, you're playing the record backwards. Watch out, you might ruin your needle.' A similar message comes from the Canadian band from their 1987 self-titled debut album: 'You are ruining your needle!' Meanwhile, group included in their song 'Judas' Kiss', from the 1982 album, the message, 'What are you looking for the devil for, when you ought to be looking for the Lord?' 's 1996 controversy-begging track 'Lift Your Head Up High (And Blow Your Brains Out)' mocked the Judas Priest controversy directly, and included the backmasked phrase 'Devil child, wake up and eat '. The band released a song titled 'Backmaskwarning!'

, which contains the forward lyrics 'Play that record backwards / Here's a message yo for the suckas / Play that record backwards / And go fuck yourself'. The backwards messages in the song include, 'clean your room', 'do your homework', 'don't stay out too late', and 'eat your vegetables'.' S hit song ' has saying 'Hey come over here!' When the song is played backwards.Backmasking was also parodied in a 2001 episode of the television series titled '.' Joins a called the Party Posse, whose song 'Drop Da Bomb' includes the repeated lyric 'Yvan eht nioj.' Becomes suspicious and plays the song backward, revealing the backmasked message 'Join the Navy', which leads her to realize that the boy band was created as a subliminal recruiting tool for the United States Navy.The episode also has a scene where an installation disc is played backward on what looks like an old fashioned gramophone player, with the words 'rise from the dead in the name of Satan' coming from it.Critical or explicit messages.

Used backmasking to avoid censorship.Backmasking has also been used to record statements perhaps too critical or explicit to be used forwards. Frank Zappa used backmasking to avoid censorship of the track ', from (1968). The released version contains at the end of its side 'A' the backmasked message 'Better look around before you say you don't care. / Shut your fucking mouth 'bout the length of my hair. / How would you survive / If you were alive / shitty little person?' This profanity-laced verse, originally from the song 'Mother People', was censored by Verve Records, so Zappa edited the verse out, reversed it, and inserted it elsewhere in the album as 'Hot Poop' (though even in the backward message the word 'fucking' is censored).

On the same album, a modified backmasking can be heard in ' with Madge saying, 'Don't come in me, in me' repeatedly before she starts crying. In at least one bootleg version of the album, these words are very clear.Another example is found in ' 1992 album, on which Waters recorded a backward message, possibly critical of film director, who had refused to let Waters sample a breathing sound from. The message appears in the song ', in which Waters' backmasked voice says, 'Julia, however, in light and visions of the issues of Stanley, we have changed our minds. We have decided to include a backward message, Stanley, for you and all the other book burners.' Censorship A further use of backmasking is to words and phrases deemed inappropriate on and ' album releases. For example, ' clean version of the album contains various backmasked; thus, when playing the album backwards, the censored words are clearly audible among the backward gibberish.

When used with the word 'shit', this type of backmasking results in a sound similar to 'ish'. As a result, ' became a for 'shit'.used a similar technique on the radio edit of their single, in which there are two rare instances of profanity in their lyrics, which were reversed to give 'Flies around tish/Bees around honey' and 'I've lived in filth, I've lived in sin/And I still smell cleaner than the tish you're in'In ' 2011 song ', Spears says 'if you want this good shit'. However, on the official version, 'shit' is reversed, creating the 'ish' sound; therefore, the official version says 'if you want this good ish'. Backmasking is also used to censor the word ' in the video for ' by, resulting in the line 'Let's roll another tnioj'. Accusations Artists who have been accused of backmasking include, and.was accused of hiding a backward Satanic message in their 1974 album. The title track, ', was said to contain the message 'He is the nasty one / Christ, you're infernal / It is said we're dead men / Everyone who has the mark will live.' ELO singer and songwriter responded by calling this accusation (and the related charge of being 'devil-worshippers') ', and stating that the message 'is absolutely manufactured by whoever said, 'That's what it said.'

It doesn't say anything of the sort.' The group included several backward messages in later albums in response to the accusations.In 1981, was accused of putting the backward message 'Satan move through our voices' on the song ', from. Guitarist called these charges 'rubbish,' and responded, 'If we want to make a statement, we'll do it in a way that people can understand us and not in a way where you have to go out and buy a $400 tape player to understand us.' The vinyl reproduction of had laser etching on side one, spelling out Styx at the top, and two ladies facing each other on the sides. But on side two, the side with the song (Snow Blind) it had a black label with a small hole cut out where you could place the eraser side of a pencil, and play the album backwards to hear the backward message. In 1983, the band released a concept album, satirizing the.A well-known alleged message is found in rock group 's 1971 song '. The backwards playing of a portion of the song purportedly results in words beginning with 'Here's to my sweet Satan' ( ).

Issued a statement to the contrary: 'Our turntables only play in one direction—forwards.' Led Zeppelin vocalist denied the accusations in an interview: 'To me it's very sad, because 'Stairway To Heaven' was written with every best intention, and as far as reversing tapes and putting messages on the end, that's not my idea of making music.' Another widely known alleged message, 'It's fun to smoke marijuana,' in 's song ', is similarly disclaimed by the group's spokesperson. Subliminal persuasion. Further information: Fundamentalist Christian groups Various groups have declared that Satan—or Satan-influenced musicians—use backmasked messages to subliminally alter behavior. Pastor Gary Greenwald claimed that subliminal messages backmasked into rock music induce listeners towards sex and drug use. Minister Jacob Aranza wrote in his 1982 book Backward Masking Unmasked that rock groups 'are using backmasking to convey Satanic and drug related messages to the subconscious.'

Christian DJ Michael Mills argued in 1981 that 'the subconscious mind is being successfully affected by the repetition of beat and lyrics—being affected through a subliminal message.' Mills has toured America warning Christian parents about subliminal messages in.Some Christian websites have claimed that backmasking is widely used for Satanic purposes. The web page for Alabama group argues for the existence of Satanic backmasking in ', saying that the song contains the backward message, 'It's my sweet Satan. Oh I will sing because I live with Satan.' PMRC In 1985, Joe Stuessy testified to the at the hearings that:The message of a piece of heavy metal music may also be covert or subliminal.

Sometimes subaudible tracks are mixed in underneath other, louder tracks. These are heard by the subconscious but not the conscious mind. Sometimes the messages are audible but are backward, called backmasking. There is disagreement among experts regarding the effectiveness of subliminals.

We need more research on that.Stuessy's written testimony stated that:Some messages are presented to the listener backwards. While listening to a normal forward message (often somewhat nonsensical), one is simultaneously being treated to a backwards message (in other words, the lyric sounds like one set of words going forward, and a different set of words going backwards). Some experts believe that while the conscious mind is absorbing the forward lyric, the subconscious is working overtime to decipher the backwards message. Court cases Serial killer, on trial in 1988, stated that 's music, and specifically the song ' on, inspired him to commit murder.

Advocate claimed that ', on the same album, contains backmasked messages including 'I'm the law', 'my name is Lucifer', and 'she belongs in hell'. AC/DC's responded that 'you didn't need to play the album backwards, because we never hid the messages. We'd call an album Highway To Hell, there it was right in front of them.' In 1990, British band was sued over a made by two young men in.

The lawsuit by their families claimed that the 1978 Judas Priest album contained hidden messages, including the forward subliminal words 'Do it' in the song ' (a cover version of a song), and various backward subliminal messages. The case was dismissed by the judge for insufficient evidence of Judas Priest's placement of subliminal messages on the record, and the judge's ruling stated that 'The scientific research presented does not establish that subliminal stimuli, even if perceived, may precipitate conduct of this magnitude. There exist other factors which explain the conduct of the deceased independent of the subliminal stimuli.' Judas Priest members commented that if they wanted to insert subliminal commands in their music, messages leading to the deaths of their fans would be counterproductive, and they would prefer to insert the command 'Buy more of our records.' Skepticism claims that the emergence of the ' phenomenon, including the alleged message at the end of ', was caused by faulty perception of a pattern. Shermer argues that the human brain evolved with a strong ability that was necessary to process the large amount of in man's environment, but that today this ability leads to.

Psychology professor Brian Wandell postulates that the observance of backward messages is a mistake arising from this pattern recognition facility, and argues that subliminal persuasion theories are 'bizarre' and 'implausible.' Rumors of backmasking in popular music have been described as auditory. James Walker, president of Christian research group, states that 'You could take a Christian hymn, and if you played it backwards long enough at different speeds, you could make that hymn say anything you want to'; Led Zeppelin publicist concurs, saying 'Play anything backwards, and you'll find something.' Eric Borgos of audio reversal website talkbackwards.com states that 'Mathematically, if you listen long enough, eventually you'll find a pattern', while Jeff Milner recounts, 'Most people, when I show them the site, say that they're not able to hear anything, until, of course, I show them the reverse lyrics.' Audio engineer Evan Olcott claims that messages by artists including Queen and Led Zeppelin are coincidental, in which the spoken or sung form new combinations of words when listened to backwards. Olcott states that 'Actually engineering or planning a phonetic reversal is next to impossible, and even more difficult when trying to design it with words that fit into a song.' In 1985, psychologists John Vokey and J.

Don Read conducted a study using from the, 's ', and other sound passages made up for the experiment. Vokey and Read concluded that if backmasking does exist, it is ineffective. Participants had trouble noticing backmasked phrases when the samples were played forwards, were unable to judge the types of messages (Christian, Satanic, or commercial), and were not led to behave in a certain way as a result of being exposed to the backmasked phrases. Vokey concluded that 'we could find no effect of the meaning of engineered, backward messages on listeners' behaviour, either consciously or unconsciously.' Similar results to Vokey and Read's were obtained by D. Averill in 1982.

A 1988 experiment by T.E. Moore found 'no evidence that listeners were influenced,consciously or unconsciously, by the content of the backward messages.' In 1992, an experiment found that exposure to backward messages did not lead to significant changes in attitude. Psychology professor Mark D. Allen says that 'delivering subliminal messages via backward masking is totally and ridiculously impossible'.The finding of backward Satanic messages has been explained as caused by the. The states that 'you probably won't hear backmasked messages until somebody first points them out to you. Perception is influenced by expectation and expectation is affected by what others prime you for.'

Thorne and P. Himelstein found that 'when vague and unfamiliar stimuli are presented, test subjects are highly likely to accept suggestions, particularly when the suggestions are presented by someone with prestige and authority.' Vokey and Read concluded from their 1985 experiment that 'the apparent presence of backward messages in popular music is a function more of active construction on the part of the perceiver than of the existence of the messages themselves.' See also.References Notes.

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Download 15,315 Riot Police Stock Photos for FREE or amazingly low rates! New users enjoy 60% OFF. 128,470,231 stock photos online. Images of riot police. 113,801 Riot Police stock pictures and images Browse 113,801 riot police stock photos and images available, or search for protest or police brutality to find more great stock photos and pictures. Editorial use only. Download Riot police stock photos. Affordable and search from millions of royalty free images, photos and vectors. Find riot police stock images in HD and millions of other royalty-free stock photos, illustrations and vectors in the Shutterstock collection. Thousands of new, high-quality pictures added every day.

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